<!--
Sitemap:
- [Welcome to Kakushi 隠し](/index): Kakushi is a private execution layer for institutions building on stablecoin rails.
- [What is Kakushi](/introduction/what-is-kakushi): Money is private.
- [Using Kakushi with AI](/introduction/using-kakushi-with-ai): Every page in these docs is available as plain markdown for use with language models.
- [Quickstart](/quickstart): This is the ten minute path.
- [Zones and the trust model](/concepts/zones-and-trust): A zone is a private blockchain only you can see inside, with a public chain's proofs underneath.
- [The portal](/concepts/the-portal): Money walks in as public USDC and becomes private the moment it crosses.
- [Accounts and custody](/concepts/accounts-and-custody): Your existing wallet address is already a Kakushi account. Nothing to deploy, nothing to enroll.
- [Bring your own address](/concepts/bring-your-own-address): A zone account is just an address, the one an auth key recovers to, with nothing deployed.
- [Virtual addresses](/concepts/virtual-addresses): Hand every customer their own address, the way a bank hands out virtual account numbers.
- [Private transfers](/concepts/private-transfers): Pay fifty thousand people and publish zero salaries.
- [Settlement and composability](/concepts/settlement-and-composability): Two institutions settle in real time without sharing a ledger or seeing each other's books.
- [Private deposits and withdrawals](/concepts/private-deposits-and-withdrawals): Soon, even the edges go dark.
- [Proofs and the verifier](/concepts/proofs-and-the-verifier): You cannot fake a balance, and you can prove you are solvent without showing a single customer.
- [Fees and gas](/concepts/fees-and-gas): Your users never hold ETH and never see gas. They pay in the dollars they are already sending.
- [Privacy and disclosure](/concepts/privacy-and-disclosure): The public sees nothing, you see everything, the regulator sees what the law entitles them to.
- [Zone policies](/concepts/zone-policies): Compliance is built into the zone. You configure your program; the substrate enforces it on every transfer.
- [Onboard a customer](/guides/onboard-a-customer): Two calls and a webhook, and your customer has a private on-chain account.
- [Accept deposits](/guides/accept-deposits): Anyone with funds on the host chain can pay into your zone, and it lands as a private balance for your user.
- [Make private transfers](/guides/private-transfers): One call moves money privately. One call pays a whole payroll.
- [Process withdrawals](/guides/withdrawals): Burn inside, release canonical USDC outside, in one call.
- [Settle between zones](/guides/settle-between-zones): Send money to another institution's zone like it is a withdrawal. It is interbank settlement.
- [Handle webhooks](/guides/webhooks): React to money moving. Do not poll for it.
- [Reconcile](/guides/reconcile): Two numbers that must always match. Assert it on a schedule.
- [Non-custodial integration](/guides/non-custodial-integration): The user signs on their device. You never hold the key, and you still cannot move their money.
- [Compliance and disclosure](/guides/compliance): You hold the whole record. Disclosure is an export, not a negotiation with the protocol.
- [SDK reference](/sdk-reference): The look-it-up layer.
- [Connect and EVM reference](/connect-and-evm-reference): The chain-level integration detail.
- [Run a zone](/run-a-zone): Most operators never run any infrastructure.
- [Protocol spec](/protocol-spec): The deep technical layer, for auditors and engineers integrating below the SDK.
- [Resources](/resources): See Key concepts for the working vocabulary, expanded throughout Core concepts.
-->

# Fees and gas

A user should never have to buy ETH to send a dollar. In a zone they do not. There are two gas layers, and neither one lands on your end user as a separate thing they have to acquire.

![Two gas layers: zone gas controlled by the operator, host gas paid by the operator in ETH](/images/concepts/fees-and-gas.svg)

Inside the zone, execution is metered, but the gas token is whatever you configure, and you both set the rate and collect it, because you run the only sequencer. Zone gas is really a spam and metering control, not a cost passed to anyone. A payroll operator paying its own people will set it to zero.

Settling to the host chain costs real ETH, and that is your cost as the operator: submitting a batch (which runs the proof verification, the big recurring cost, and the reason batches exist) and processing withdrawals. You recover it from the users who cause it through a deposit fee and a withdrawal fee, both charged in the token being moved, never in ETH. You collect token fees on the edges and spend ETH on host gas.

:::note
In V1 the automated on-chain fee deduction is on the V2 list, so today the operator simply bears host gas. Gas sponsorship for non-custodial users becomes first-class in V2 through an ERC-4337 paymaster. Either way the end user never needs a zone gas balance.
:::
