<!--
Sitemap:
- [Welcome to Kakushi 隠し](/index): Kakushi is a private execution layer for institutions building on stablecoin rails.
- [What is Kakushi](/introduction/what-is-kakushi): Money is private.
- [Using Kakushi with AI](/introduction/using-kakushi-with-ai): Every page in these docs is available as plain markdown for use with language models.
- [Quickstart](/quickstart): This is the ten minute path.
- [Zones and the trust model](/concepts/zones-and-trust): A zone is a private blockchain only you can see inside, with a public chain's proofs underneath.
- [The portal](/concepts/the-portal): Money walks in as public USDC and becomes private the moment it crosses.
- [Accounts and custody](/concepts/accounts-and-custody): Your existing wallet address is already a Kakushi account. Nothing to deploy, nothing to enroll.
- [Bring your own address](/concepts/bring-your-own-address): A zone account is just an address, the one an auth key recovers to, with nothing deployed.
- [Virtual addresses](/concepts/virtual-addresses): Hand every customer their own address, the way a bank hands out virtual account numbers.
- [Private transfers](/concepts/private-transfers): Pay fifty thousand people and publish zero salaries.
- [Settlement and composability](/concepts/settlement-and-composability): Two institutions settle in real time without sharing a ledger or seeing each other's books.
- [Private deposits and withdrawals](/concepts/private-deposits-and-withdrawals): Soon, even the edges go dark.
- [Proofs and the verifier](/concepts/proofs-and-the-verifier): You cannot fake a balance, and you can prove you are solvent without showing a single customer.
- [Fees and gas](/concepts/fees-and-gas): Your users never hold ETH and never see gas. They pay in the dollars they are already sending.
- [Privacy and disclosure](/concepts/privacy-and-disclosure): The public sees nothing, you see everything, the regulator sees what the law entitles them to.
- [Zone policies](/concepts/zone-policies): Compliance is built into the zone. You configure your program; the substrate enforces it on every transfer.
- [Onboard a customer](/guides/onboard-a-customer): Two calls and a webhook, and your customer has a private on-chain account.
- [Accept deposits](/guides/accept-deposits): Anyone with funds on the host chain can pay into your zone, and it lands as a private balance for your user.
- [Make private transfers](/guides/private-transfers): One call moves money privately. One call pays a whole payroll.
- [Process withdrawals](/guides/withdrawals): Burn inside, release canonical USDC outside, in one call.
- [Settle between zones](/guides/settle-between-zones): Send money to another institution's zone like it is a withdrawal. It is interbank settlement.
- [Handle webhooks](/guides/webhooks): React to money moving. Do not poll for it.
- [Reconcile](/guides/reconcile): Two numbers that must always match. Assert it on a schedule.
- [Non-custodial integration](/guides/non-custodial-integration): The user signs on their device. You never hold the key, and you still cannot move their money.
- [Compliance and disclosure](/guides/compliance): You hold the whole record. Disclosure is an export, not a negotiation with the protocol.
- [SDK reference](/sdk-reference): The look-it-up layer.
- [Connect and EVM reference](/connect-and-evm-reference): The chain-level integration detail.
- [Run a zone](/run-a-zone): Most operators never run any infrastructure.
- [Protocol spec](/protocol-spec): The deep technical layer, for auditors and engineers integrating below the SDK.
- [Resources](/resources): See Key concepts for the working vocabulary, expanded throughout Core concepts.
-->

# Accounts and custody

Here is the part that surprises people: the address you already use on Base or Ethereum is already a Kakushi account. There is nothing to deploy and nothing to enroll. A zone account is just an address, the one a key signs as, and it becomes an account the moment that key signs to claim a receiving address. The account itself comes to life when the first deposit lands.

![One key, one address, used as a host-chain EOA and as a zone account, with separate balances](/images/concepts/accounts-and-custody.svg)

Because the address is the account and nothing gets deployed, you bring whatever you already have: an existing EOA, a treasury signer, a user's wallet. One thing to keep straight: your zone balance and your host-chain balance are separate. Using an address in a zone does not move or reveal what it holds on the host chain. Same address, same key, two ledgers.

Custody is then a single question, and it is not about the protocol. It is about where you keep the key.

* **Custodial.** You hold the account's key in your own secret store, and wrap it as a viem account to pass to the SDK to sign. Nothing is required of the end user.
* **Non-custodial.** The user holds the key in a wallet you do not control. They sign in their own client. You never see the key and cannot move their money.

The SDK never holds keys. It signs with whatever account you hand it, which is why custodial and non-custodial are the same code path with the key in a different place.

Here is how you get that account in each case.

Custodial, server-side: load the key from your own secret store and wrap it as a viem account. The SDK only ever sees the account.

```ts
import { privateKeyToAccount } from "viem/accounts";

// load the key from your own secret store / env; the SDK never sees the raw key
const aliceAccount = privateKeyToAccount(process.env.ALICE_PRIVATE_KEY as `0x${string}`);
```

Sandbox: a throwaway account.

```ts
import { generatePrivateKey, privateKeyToAccount } from "viem/accounts";

const aliceAccount = privateKeyToAccount(generatePrivateKey());
```

Non-custodial, browser: the account comes from the user's wallet and the key stays on their device, but it is still a viem account.

```ts
import { toViemAccount } from "@privy-io/react-auth";

const account = await toViemAccount(embeddedWallet);
```

:::note
This is a V1 statement. A V1 account is a single key. Multiple owners, thresholds, and passkeys need a smart account, a contract at the address with its own validation logic, which is a V2 capability.
:::
